Temperature-induced fractionation of oxygen isotopes of diatom frustules and growth water in Lake Sihailongwan in Northeast China

Diatom oxygen isotopes have been widely applied in quantitative reconstruction of the paleoclimate and paleoenvironment, but have rarely been reported in China. In the present study, Lake Sihailongwan in Northeast China was selected for detailed investigation of oxygen isotopic fractionation between diatom frustules and lake water induced by growth temperature. This study involved a 2-year period of field monitoring of the lake water temperature at multiple depths and biweekly collections of traps for both sediment and water at shallow and bottom depths (7 and 49 m below the lake surface, respectively), diatom separation and purification of the trap sediments, and oxygen isotope measurement for diatom silica and lake water samples. The conditioned experiment conducted herein demonstrated that the laboratory device, methods and techniques used in this study were capable of generating reliable data for the typical oxygen isotope composition of diatom frustules. The data obtained revealed a prominent linear relationship between the oxygen isotope composition of the modern diatom and lake temperature during growth. The fractionation coefficient was about −0.185‰/°C−0.238‰/°C in the temperature range of 3.6–24°C, which is consistent with the observations from various aquatic environments and laboratory culture with different diatom taxa. These findings provide strong support for the dominant control of the growth temperature on the oxygen isotope fractionation between the diatom frustules and ambient water. A notable difference in the fractionation coefficient was observed between the surface and bottom diatom oxygen isotopes, suggesting that various depositional processes and taphonomic effects influenced the surface and bottom trap samples. Another factor leading to this difference may be that enrichment by evaporation and dilution by rainfall have a stronger influence on the surface. Overall, the results presented here demonstrate significant progress in evaluation of diatom oxygen isotopes in China and draw attention to the differences between surface and bottom diatom oxygen isotope compositions.     

红枣裂果的气候环境背景及其防御

红枣成熟期的裂果,是影响产质产量的主要问题之一.引起红枣裂果最直接的外部因素是成熟期的连阴雨.文章针对红枣裂果的气侯环境作出研究,并总结出采取棚盖、覆膜、喷药、套袋等措施进行防御,对保证产质产量,收到了较好效果.     

太阳能在公路交通领域中的应用

太阳能以其节能、清洁、零排放、来源广泛、安全等特点,成为目前各种新能源中越来越受重视的一种绿色能源。通过对太阳能设施在公路交通各领域中的应用分析,提出了缓解交通能源危机及交通环境问题的新思路。     

活性炭负载磷钨酸催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

以苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料,以负载磷钨酸为催化剂,合成了苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛,考察了醛醇摩尔比、反应时间、催化剂用量及带水剂环己烷用量等因素对收率的影响。实验结果表明,以磷钨酸催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的最优反应条件为:苯甲醛0.2mol,n(苯甲醛)∶n(乙二醇)=1.0∶1.5,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的6.2%,带水剂环己烷用量为10ml,90~105℃下回流反应30min,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛产率可达84%以上。     

口腔医学专业临床实习前仿真教学模拟系统的应用

仿真多媒体教学模拟口腔系统的结构和功能,形成仿真教学模拟环境.口腔医学专业学生临床实习前仿真教学就是在这种模拟的临床治疗环境中学习,使学生尽早了解、掌握临床上口腔专业课程的各项操作技术,并且熟悉临床环境,很好地将口腔专业理论教学、实验室教学与临床教学有效地结合起来.这种教学模式大大提高了学生的专业学习积极性和兴趣,强化...     

基于神经网络的空间柔性机械臂PID快速学习控制

针对自由漂浮柔性空间机器人的轨迹跟踪问题,提出一种径向基函数（RBF）神经网络控制策略.首先建立漂浮基柔性空间机器人的非线性动力学方程,考虑到RBF神经网络良好的逼近能力,柔性臂的非线性逆动力学模型通过RBF网络来逼近,采用PID控制器与神经网络控制器来共同保证系统稳定性,其误差代价函数由PID控制器提供,采用固定中心参数,而扩展宽度采用启发式关系确定,网络权值采用改进的最优准则算法进行调整来实现快速学习能力.仿真结果表明了这种RBF神经控制器能够达到较快的误差收敛速度.     

催化链转移聚合法制备聚对甲基苯乙烯大分子单体

首次以钴Ⅱ肟氟化硼配合物(CoBF)催化剂、2,2′-偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,由催化链转移聚合法制备聚对甲基苯乙烯大分子单体(poly(p-Methylstyrene)),考察不同CoBF的用量对相对分子质量的影响。结果表明:随着CoBF用量的增加,聚对甲基苯乙烯大分子单体的相对分子质量逐渐减小。另外,还采用了基于重均聚合度(DPw)的Mayo方程,计算出催化剂表观链转移常数(ct)为365.6。     

红河深水扇沉积物重力流特征

依据地震、岩心和测井资料,通过唯一钻遇红河深水扇的YC35井的岩心观察与描述,对红河深水扇沉积物重力流沉积特征进行研究,并与典型的沉积模式相比较,确定红河深水扇的沉积物重力流类型。结果表明:YC35井岩心沉积物为半深海环境下的重力流沉积;红河深水扇发育多种沉积物重力流类型,包括碎屑流、颗粒流、液化流以及浊流等,它们在纵向上相互叠置;红河深水扇属于富砂型深水扇,储层发育,这为红河深水扇的油气勘探奠定了物质基础。     

海口市优势水产品重点养殖区病害调查及分析

2007-2009年,对演丰、三江、灵山、大致坡、红旗、长流、西秀、府城等重点养殖区的罗非鱼(Tilapia sp.)、对虾(Penaeus sp.)养殖水体进行现场调查和分析研究,初步摸清了近3年病害的种类、流行、发病特点及造成的损失情况.细菌性、病毒性疾病是罗非鱼、对虾的主要病害,特别是白斑病、红体病、链球菌病、底死症、高温综合症等发病非常普遍.7-9月份为罗非鱼发病高峰期;3-5月份和9-11月份为对虾发病高峰期.多数病害在调查区域均有分布,发病后死亡率较高.2007-2009年海口市水产病害死亡造成的直接经济损失近281万元.     

浅析房地产及物业管理如何与节能型建筑接轨

节能建筑已成为社会能源可持续发展的必然选择,相关的生产链势必会发生一次变革。通过了解目前我国节能型建筑所面临的问题,参考国内外的节能机制,文章分析了房地产、物业管理这两种市场主体参与节能的条件以及运行模式,从而消除对节能建筑的经济价值的忧虑,为房地产业与物业在节能建筑领域的新发展提供参考。